Ngokukhula okukhulu kwemicu yamakhemikhali, ziyanda izinhlobo zemicu. Ngaphezu kwemicu evamile, izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha ezinjengemicu ekhethekile, imicu eyinhlanganisela, nemicu eguquliwe ziye zavela emiculweni yamakhemikhali. Ukuze kube lula ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza nokuhlaziywa komkhiqizo, ukuhlonzwa kwesayensi kwemicu yendwangu kuyadingeka.
Ukuhlonza i-fiber kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza izici ze-morphological kanye nokuhlonza izakhiwo ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali. I-Microscopic observation ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhomba izici ze-morphological.
Ziningi izindlela zokuhlonza izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali, ezifana nendlela yokuvutha, indlela yokuncibilika, indlela yokubala imibala, indlela yephoyinti elincibilikayo, indlela ethile yamandla adonsela phansi, indlela ye-birefringence, indlela ye-X-ray ye-diffraction kanye nendlela ye-infrared absorption spectroscopy, njll.
1.Indlela yokubona ngeMicroscope
Ukusebenzisa isibonakhulu ukubona i-longitudinal and cross-sectional morphology of fibers kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokuhlonza imicu yendwangu ehlukahlukene, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhomba izigaba zefiber. Imicu yemvelo ngayinye inomumo okhethekile ongabonakala kahle ngesibonakhulu. Isibonelo, izintambo zikakotini ziyisicaba ekuqondeni kwe-longitudinal, zine-twist yemvelo, i-cross-section ejikelezayo okhalweni, kanye nendawo emaphakathi. Uvolo ugoqeke ngobude, unamazenga ngaphezulu, futhi uyindilinga noma u-oval esigabeni esiphambanayo. Eminye iwuli inepith phakathi. I-jute inamafindo avundlile kanye nemigqa eqondile ohlangothini lwe-longitudinal, ingxenye yesiphambano i-polygonal, kanti umgodi ophakathi mkhulu.
2.Indlela yomlilo
Enye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlonza imicu yemvelo. Ngenxa yomehluko ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali emicu, izici zokusha nazo zihlukile. Imicu ye-cellulose kanye ne-protein fibers ingahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nokulula kokushisa imicu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-thermoplastic, iphunga elikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa, kanye nezici zomlotha ngemva kokushisa.
Imicu ye-cellulose enjengokotini, i-hemp, ne-viscose iyasha ngokushesha lapho ihlangana nelangabi, futhi iyaqhubeka ivutha ngemva kokushiya ilangabi, nephunga lephepha elivuthayo, ishiya umlotha omncane othambile ompunga ngemva kokuvutha; imicu yamaprotheni enjengoboya nosilika ivutha kancane lapho ihlangana nelangabi, futhi ishiya ilangabi Ngemva kwalokho, laqhubeka livutha kancane, linephunga lezimpaphe ezivuthayo, lishiya umlotha omnyama oshwabezelayo ngemva kokusha.
| uhlobo lwefiber | eduze nelangabi | emalangabini | shiya ilangabi | iphunga elivuthayo | Ifomu lensalela |
| I-tencel fiber | Akukho ukuncibilika futhi akukho ukuncipha | shisa ngokushesha | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elishile | umlotha omnyama ompunga |
I-Modal fiber | Akukho ukuncibilika futhi akukho ukuncipha | shisa ngokushesha | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elishile | umlotha omnyama ompunga |
| i-bamboo fiber | Akukho ukuncibilika futhi akukho ukuncipha | shisa ngokushesha | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elishile | umlotha omnyama ompunga |
| I-Viscose fiber | Akukho ukuncibilika futhi akukho ukuncipha | shisa ngokushesha | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elishile | inani elincane lomlotha omhlophe |
| i-polyester fiber | shwabana ncibilika | Qala uncibilike bese uyasha, kukhona ukuconsa kwesixazululo | ingandisa isikhathi sokusha | iphunga elikhethekile | Ibhola eliqinile lengilazi elinsundu ngokumnyama |
3.Indlela yokuhlakaza
Amafayibha ahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nokunyibilika kwemicu yendwangu ehlukahlukene kumakhemikhali ahlukene. I-solvent eyodwa ngokuvamile ingancibilikisa izinhlobonhlobo zemicu, ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa indlela yokuhlakaza ukuhlonza imicu, kuyadingeka ngokuqhubekayo ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuhlukene kokuncibilika kwe-solvent ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo lwemicu ekhonjiwe. Indlela yokuhlakaza Lapho kuhlonzwa izingxenye ezixubile zemikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe, isincibilikisi esisodwa singasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa imicu yengxenye eyodwa, bese enye i-solvent ingasetshenziswa ukuncibilikisa imicu yesinye isakhi. Le ndlela ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziya ukwakheka nokuqukethwe kwemicu ehlukahlukene emikhiqizweni ehlanganisiwe. Lapho ukugxila nokushisa kwe-solvent kuhlukile, ukuncibilika kwe-fiber kuhlukile.
I-fiber ezokhonjwa ingafakwa ku-tube yokuhlola, ijovwe nge-solvent ethile, ishukunyiswe ngenduku yengilazi, futhi ukuchithwa kwe-fiber kungabonwa. Uma inani lemicu lincane kakhulu, isampula lingaphinda libekwe kusilayidi sengilazi egobile esinendawo eyi-concave, evuthwe nge-solvent, embozwe ngesilayidi sengilazi, futhi ibhekwe ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Uma usebenzisa indlela yokuhlakaza ukukhomba imicu, ukugxila kwe-solvent kanye nokushisa kokushisa kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile, futhi ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ngesivinini sokuqedwa kwezintambo. Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuhlakaza kudinga ukuqonda okunembile kwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali e-fiber ahlukahlukene, futhi izinqubo zokuhlola ziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ziningi izindlela zokuhlonza imicu yendwangu. Empeleni, indlela eyodwa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa, kodwa izindlela ezimbalwa ezidingekayo zokuhlaziya nokucwaninga okuphelele. Inqubo yokuhlonza okuhlelekile kwemicu iwukuhlanganisa ngokwesayensi izindlela zokuhlonza ezimbalwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-06-2022