Ngophuhliso olukhulu lwemicu yemichiza, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentsinga. Ukongeza kwiintsinga eziqhelekileyo, iintlobo ezininzi ezintsha ezifana neentsinga ezikhethekileyo, iintsinga ezidibeneyo, kunye neentsinga ezitshintshiweyo ziye zavela kwimicu yemichiza. Ukuze kuququzelelwe ulawulo lwemveliso kunye nohlalutyo lwemveliso, ukuchongwa kwenzululwazi kweentsinga ezilukiweyo kuyafuneka.
Ukuchongwa kweFiber kubandakanya ukuchongwa kweempawu ze-morphological kunye nokuchongwa kweempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Ukuphononongwa ngeMicroscopic ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuchonga iimpawu ze-morphological.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuchonga iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ezifana nendlela yokutshisa, indlela yokuchithwa, indlela yombala we-reagent, indlela ye-melting point, indlela ethile yomxhuzulane, indlela ye-birefringence, indlela ye-X-ray ye-diffraction kunye ne-infrared absorption spectroscopy, njl.
1.Indlela yokujonga kwiMicroscope
Ukusebenzisa i-microscope ukujonga i-longitudinal kunye ne-cross-sectional morphology of fibers yindlela esisiseko yokuchonga imicu eyahlukahlukeneyo yelaphu, kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuchonga iindidi zefiber. Imicu yendalo nganye inemilo ekhethekileyo enokuthi ibonwe ngokuchanekileyo phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngokomzekelo, iintambo zekotoni zisicaba kwi-longitudinal direction, kunye ne-twist yendalo, i-waist-round cross-section, kunye ne-cavity central. Uboya bugoqwe ngobude, bunezikali kumphezulu, kwaye bungqukuva okanye bu-ovali ngokwecandelo elinqamlezileyo. Obunye uboya bunepith embindini. Ijute inamaqhina anqamlezileyo kunye nemigca ethe nkqo kwicala le-longitudinal, icandelo lomnqamlezo li-polygonal, kwaye umngxuma ophakathi mkhulu.
2.Indlela yokutshisa
Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuchonga imicu yendalo. Ngenxa yomahluko kwimichiza yokwakheka kwemicu, iimpawu zokutsha nazo ziyahluka. Iifayili ze-cellulose kunye neeprotheyini zeprotheyini zinokuhlukaniswa ngokukhululeka kokutshisa iifayili, nokuba zi-thermoplastic, iphunga eliveliswa ngexesha lokutshisa, kunye neempawu zomlotha emva kokutshisa.
Iintambo ze-cellulose ezifana nekotoni, i-hemp, kunye ne-viscose zitshisa ngokukhawuleza xa zidibana nomlilo, kwaye ziqhubeka zivutha emva kokushiya ilangatye, kunye nephunga lephepha elivuthayo, lishiya inani elincinci lomlotha ompunga emva kokutshisa; Imicu yeprotheyini efana noboya kunye nesilika itsha kancinane xa idibana nedangatye, kwaye ishiya ilangatye Emva koko, iqhubekile ivutha kancinci, inevumba leentsiba ezivuthayo, ishiya uthuthu olumnyama olukrazukileyo emva kokutshiswa.
| uhlobo lwefiber | kufutshane nedangatye | kumadangatye | shiya idangatye | ivumba elivuthayo | Ifom yentsalela |
| I-tencel fiber | Akukho kunyibilika kwaye akukho kuncipha | tshisa ngokukhawuleza | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elitshisiweyo | uthuthu olumnyama olungwevu |
I-Modal fiber | Akukho kunyibilika kwaye akukho kuncipha | tshisa ngokukhawuleza | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elitshisiweyo | uthuthu olumnyama olungwevu |
| I-bamboo fiber | Akukho kunyibilika kwaye akukho kuncipha | tshisa ngokukhawuleza | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elitshisiweyo | uthuthu olumnyama olungwevu |
| Ifayibha yeViscose | Akukho kunyibilika kwaye akukho kuncipha | tshisa ngokukhawuleza | qhubeka uvutha | iphepha elitshisiweyo | inani elincinci lothuthu olumhlophe |
| i-polyester fiber | shwabanisa nyibilika | Okokuqala nyibilika kwaye emva koko utshise, kukho isisombululo esivuzayo | inokwandisa ixesha lokutshisa | ivumba elikhethekileyo | Ibhola eqinile eneglasi emnyama emnyama |
3.Indlela yokuchithwa
Iifayibha zahlulwa ngokokunyibilika kweentsinga ezahlukeneyo zelaphu kwiiarhente zeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo. I-solvent enye inokuthi idibanise iindidi zeentsinga, ngoko ke xa usebenzisa indlela yokucima ukuchonga imicu, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka nokuqhuba iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuchithwa kwe-solvent ukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwemicu echongiweyo. Indlela yokutshatyalaliswa Xa uchonga amacandelo adibeneyo eemveliso ezixutywe, i-solvent enye ingasetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa imicu yecandelo elinye, kwaye enye i-solvent ingasetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa imicu yelinye icandelo. Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ukubunjwa kunye nomxholo weefayili ezahlukeneyo kwiimveliso ezixutywe. Xa ukuxinwa kunye nokushisa kwe-solvent kuhluke, i-solubility yefiber iyahluka.
I-fiber enokuthi ichongwe ingafakwa kwi-tube yokuvavanya, injected nge-solvent ethile, ixutywe ngentonga yeglasi, kwaye ukuchithwa kwefiber kunokubonwa. Ukuba inani leentsinga lincinci kakhulu, isampuli inokufakwa kwisilayidi seglasi ye-concave kunye ne-concave surface, ithontsize i-solvent, igqunywe ngesilayidi seglasi, kwaye ijongwe ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kwe-microscope. Xa usebenzisa indlela yokuqhaqha ukuchonga imicu, ukuxinwa kwe-solvent kunye nobushushu bokufudumala kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwisantya sokuchithwa kweefayili. Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokutshatyalaliswa kufuna ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kweempawu ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali zefiber, kwaye iinkqubo zokuhlola zinzima.
Zininzi iindlela zokuchonga iintsinga ezilukiweyo. Enyanisweni, indlela enye ayinakusetyenziswa, kodwa iindlela ezininzi ziyafuneka ukuze kuhlalutywe ngokubanzi kunye nophando. Inkqubo yokuchongwa okucwangcisiweyo kweentsinga kukudibanisa ngokwenzululwazi iindlela ezininzi zokuchonga.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-06-2022