I-rayon ye-Viscose idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yilaphu elizinzileyo.Kodwa uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba omnye wababoneleli bayo abadumileyo unegalelo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi e-Indonesia.
Ngokweengxelo ze-NBC, imifanekiso yesathelayithi yehlathi elishinyeneyo kwilizwe lase-Indonesia laseKalimantan libonisa ukuba nangona izibophelelo zangaphambili zokuyeka ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, enye yezona zinto zinkulu emhlabeni zibonelela ngamalaphu kwiinkampani ezifana ne-Adidas, Abercrombie & Fitch, kunye ne-H & M, kodwa nangoku Ukucoca ihlathi lemvula.Uphando lweendaba.
I-Viscose rayon yilaphu elenziwe kwi-pulp ye-eucalyptus kunye nemithi ye-bamboo.Njengoko ingenziwanga kwimveliso ye-petrochemical, isoloko ibhengezwa njengendlela yokusingqongileyo ngaphezu kweendwangu ezifana ne-polyester kunye ne-nylon eyenziwe kwi-petroleum. zihlaziywe, ukwenza i-viscose rayon ibe lukhetho olungcono ngokwethiyori ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezifana neempahla kunye nezosuleli zabantwana kunye nemaski.
Kodwa indlela le mithi ivunwa ngayo inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ininzi ye-viscose ye-rayon ye-viscose yehlabathi ivela e-Indonesia, apho abathengisi bemithi baye batshabalalisa amahlathi emvula amandulo kwaye batyala i-rayon.Njengezisimi zeoli yesundu, enye ye-Indonesia. imithombo emikhulu yemizi-mveliso yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, isityalo esinye esilinywe ukuvelisa iviscose rayon siya komisa umhlaba, siwenze ube sesichengeni sokutsha kwamahlathi;ukutshabalalisa indawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela ezifana neeorangutan Land;kwaye ifunxa icarbon dioxide encinci kakhulu kunehlathi elitshintshayo.(Uphononongo lwamasimi eoli yesundu olupapashwe ngo-2018 lwafumanisa ukuba ihektare nganye yamahlathi ashinyeneyo aguqulelwe ekubeni sisityalo esinye akhupha isixa sekhabhoni esilingana nenqwelomoya engaphaya kwama-500. abantu abavela eGeneva ukuya eNew York.)
NgoAprili ka-2015, i-Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Limited (APRIL), enye yezona zinto zinkulu zase-Indonesia ezinikezela ngepulp kunye neenkuni, yafunga ukuba iyakuyeka ukusebenzisa iinkuni ezisuka kwihlathi kunye namahlathi ashinyeneyo. Ikwathembisa ukuvuna imithi ngendlela ezinzileyo. Umbutho ukhuphe ingxelo usebenzisa idatha yesathelayithi kunyaka ophelileyo ebonisa indlela inkampani ka-APRIL kunye nenkampani yokubamba isaqhubeka nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kuquka nokugawula phantse i-28 square miles (73 square kilometers) yehlathi kwiminyaka emihlanu ukususela kweso sithembiso. kwi-NBC.)
I-Amazon ithengisa iimeko zokukhusela ze-silicone ze-iPhone 13, i-iPhone 13 Pro kunye ne-iPhone 13 Pro Max ngesaphulelo se-12 yeedola.
“Usukile kwenye yezona ndawo zihlukeneyo ngokwebhayoloji emhlabeni uye kwindawo efana nentlango yebhayoloji,” utshilo u-Edward Boyda, umseki we-Earthrise, ojonge isathelayithi egayiweyo yeNBC News.umfanekiso.
Ngokweenkcazo zenkampani ezibonwe yi-NBC, i-pulp ekhutshwe e-Kalimantan ngezinye iinkampani zokubamba ithunyelwe kwinkampani yokucubungula udade e-China, apho amalaphu avelisiweyo athengiswa kwiimpawu ezinkulu.
Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, ihlathi lemvula lase-Indonesia liye lancipha kakhulu, ngokuyininzi liqhutywa yimfuno yeoli yesundu.Uphononongo luka-2014 lwafumanisa ukuba izinga lokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi liphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni.Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iimfuno zikarhulumente kubavelisi beoli yesundu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwacotha kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Ubhubhani we-covid-19 nawo uye wacothisa imveliso.
Kodwa iingcali zendalo zixhalabele ukuba imfuno ye-pulpwood evela ephepheni kunye nelaphu - ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokunyuka kwefashoni ngokukhawuleza - kunokukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi.Iimveliso ezininzi zefashoni kwihlabathi azizange ziveze imvelaphi yempahla yazo, eyongeza enye ingqimba. yokungafihli kokwenzekayo emhlabeni.
"Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, ndixhalabile kakhulu ngepulp kunye neenkuni," uTimer Manurung, intloko ye-Indonesian NGO Auriga, uxelele i-NBC.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-04-2022