Nekukura kwakakura kwemakemikari fibers, kune akawanda uye akawanda marudzi e fiber. Kuwedzera kune shinda, mhando itsva dzakawanda dzakadai seshinda dzakakosha, faibha dzakaumbwa, uye faibha dzakagadziridzwa dzakabuda mumakemikari fibers. Kuti ufambise manejimendi ekugadzira uye kuongororwa kwechigadzirwa, kuzivikanwa kwesainzi kwemachira machira kunodiwa.
Kuzivikanwa kweFiber kunosanganisira kuzivikanwa kwemaitiro emorphological uye kuzivikanwa kwemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro. Microscopic observation inowanzoshandiswa kuona morphological features.
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuona zvimiro zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari, senge nzira yekupisa, nzira yekunyungudika, nzira yekuisa mavara, nzira yekunyungudika, nzira yegiravhiti chaiyo, nzira yebirefringence, X-ray diffraction nzira uye infrared absorption spectroscopy nzira, nezvimwe.
1.Microscope yekucherechedza nzira
Kushandisa maikorosikopu kutarisa longitudinal uye cross-sectional morphology yefiber ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekuziva akasiyana machira machira, uye inowanzoshandiswa kuona mafiber zvikamu. Faibha dzechisikigo imwe neimwe ine chimiro chakakosha chinogona kuzivikanwa nemazvo pasi pemaikorosikopu. Semuenzaniso, shinda dzekotoni dzakati sandara munzira yekureba, ine kumonyoroka kwechisikigo, chiuno-chakatenderedza chikamu, uye nechepakati mhango. Mvere dzemvere dzemakwai dzakamonereka kureba, dzine zvikero pamusoro, uye dzakatenderera kana kuti ovhari muchikamu chemuchinjikwa. Mamwe makushe ane pith pakati. Iyo jute ine mafundo akachinjika uye mitsetse yakatwasuka munzira yekureba, chikamu chemuchinjikwa chine polygonal, uye mhango yepakati yakakura.
2.Kupisa nzira
Imwe yedzakajairika nzira dzekuziva mafibhi echisikigo. Pamusana pekusiyana kwemakemikari ekuumbwa kwefibers, maitiro ekupisa anosiyanawo. Cellulose fibers uye mapuroteni fibers anogona kusiyaniswa maererano nekureruka kwekupisa fiber, ingave iyo thermoplastic, kunhuhwirira kunogadzirwa panguva yekupisa, uye maitiro emadota mushure mekupisa.
Cellulose fibers dzakadai sekotoni, hemp, uye viscose dzinopisa nokukurumidza apo dzinosangana nemurazvo, uye dzinoramba dzichipisa mushure mokusiya murazvo, nekunhuhwirira kwepepa rinopisa, zvichisiya zvishoma zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro mushure mekupisa; maprotein fibers akadai semvere dzemakwai nesirika anotsva zvishoma nezvishoma paanosangana nemurazvo, uye osiya murazvo Pashure paizvozvo, wakaramba uchipisa zvishoma nezvishoma, nekunhuhwirira kweminhenga inopisa, zvichisiya madota matema anopwanyika mushure mekupisa.
| fiber mhando | pedyo nemurazvo | mumoto | siya murazvo | kupisa kunhuwa | Residu fomu |
| Tencel fiber | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana shrinkage | kupisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | grey madota matema |
Modal fiber | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana shrinkage | kupisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | grey madota matema |
| bamboo fiber | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana shrinkage | kupisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | grey madota matema |
| Viscose fiber | Hapana kunyunguduka uye hapana shrinkage | kupisa nekukurumidza | ramba uchipisa | bepa rakatsva | chidimbu chiduku chedota-chena |
| polyester fiber | shrink nyungudika | Kutanga kunyunguduka wozopisa, pane mhinduro inodonha | inogona kurebesa kutsva | kunhuhwirira kwakakosha | Girazi rakasviba bhora rakaoma |
3.Dissolution nzira
Fibers anosiyaniswa zvichienderana nekunyungudika kweakasiyana machira machira mune akasiyana makemikari ejenti. Chimwe chinonyungudutsa chinowanzo nyungudutsa mafiibhi akasiyana-siyana, saka kana uchishandisa nzira yekunyungudutsa kuona mafibhi, zvinodikanwa kuti urambe uchiita bvunzo dzakasiyana dzekunyungudutsa kunyungudika kuti usimbise rudzi rwefiber dzakaonekwa. Disolution method Paunenge uchizivisa zvikamu zvakasanganiswa zvezvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa, imwe solvent inogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa fiber yechimwe chikamu, uyezve imwe solvent inogona kushandiswa kunyungudutsa mafiibhi echimwe chikamu. Iyi nzira inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuongorora kuumbwa uye zvirimo zvemafayibha akasiyana muzvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa. Kana iyo yekuisa uye tembiricha ye solvent zvakasiyana, solubility yefiber yakasiyana.
Iyo fiber inogona kuzivikanwa inogona kuiswa mu test tube, injected neimwe solvent, yakamutswa negirazi tsvimbo, uye kupera kwefiber kunogona kuonekwa. Kana huwandu hwefiber huri hudiki kwazvo, sampuli inogonawo kuiswa mune concave girazi slide ine concave pamusoro, yakadonha nesolvent, yakavharwa negirazi slide, uye inocherechedzwa zvakananga pasi pemaikorosikopu. Paunenge uchishandisa nzira yekunyungudutsa kuona mafibhi, kusanganiswa kweiyo solvent uye tembiricha yekudziya kunofanirwa kudzorwa zvakanyanya, uye kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kukurumidza kupera kwemafibhi. Kushandiswa kweiyo nzira yekumisa kunoda kunzwisiswa kwakaringana kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvefiber kemikari, uye maitiro ekuongorora akaomarara.
Kune dzakawanda nzira dzekuziva dzemachira. Mukuita, nzira imwe chete haigone kushandiswa, asi nzira dzakawanda dzinodiwa pakuongorora kwakadzama nekutsvaga. Maitiro ekuzivikanwa kwakarongeka kwefiber ndeyekubatanidza nesainzi nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuzivikanwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-06-2022