Hamwe niterambere rinini rya fibre chimique, hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwubwoko bwa fibre. Usibye fibre rusange, ubwoko bwinshi bushya nka fibre idasanzwe, fibre compte, hamwe na fibre yahinduwe byagaragaye mumibiri yimiti. Kugirango byorohereze imicungire yumusaruro nisesengura ryibicuruzwa, birasabwa kumenya siyanse yimyenda yimyenda.
Kumenyekanisha fibre ikubiyemo kumenya imiterere ya morfologiya no kumenya imiterere yumubiri na chimique. Indorerezi ya Microscopique ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kumenya imiterere ya morfologiya.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya imiterere yumubiri nubumara, nkuburyo bwo gutwika, uburyo bwo gusesa, uburyo bwo gusiga amabara reagent, uburyo bwo gushonga, uburyo bwihariye bwo gukurura imbaraga, uburyo bwa birefringence, uburyo bwo gutandukanya X-ray hamwe nuburyo bwo kwinjiza ibintu bitagaragara.
1.Uburyo bwo kureba mikorosikopi
Gukoresha microscope kugirango witegereze birebire kandi byambukiranya ibice bya fibre nuburyo bwibanze bwo kumenya fibre zitandukanye, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mukumenya ibyiciro bya fibre. Fibre naturel buriwese ifite imiterere yihariye ishobora kumenyekana neza munsi ya microscope. Kurugero, fibre fibre iringaniye mubyerekezo birebire, hamwe no guhinduranya bisanzwe, ikibuno kizengurutse igice, hamwe nu mwobo wo hagati. Ubwoya bufunitse igihe kirekire, bufite umunzani hejuru, kandi buzengurutse cyangwa ova mu gice cyambukiranya. Ubwoya bumwe bufite pith hagati. Jute ifite ipfundo ritambitse hamwe nu murongo uhagaritse mu cyerekezo kirekire, igice cyambukiranya ni poligonal, kandi cavit yo hagati ni nini.
2.Uburyo bwo gutwika
Bumwe muburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya fibre naturel. Bitewe no gutandukanya imiti ya fibre, ibiranga gutwika nabyo biratandukanye. Fibre ya selile na proteine fibre irashobora gutandukanywa ukurikije ubworoherane bwo gutwika fibre, yaba thermoplastique, impumuro ikorwa mugihe cyo gutwika, nibiranga ivu nyuma yo gutwikwa.
Fibre ya selile nka pamba, ikivuguto, na viscose yaka vuba iyo ihuye numuriro, igakomeza gutwika nyuma yo kuva mumuriro, numunuko wimpapuro zaka, hasigara akantu gato kivu kivu koroheje nyuma yo gutwikwa; intungamubiri za poroteyine nkubwoya nubudodo zaka buhoro iyo zihuye numuriro, hanyuma zigasiga urumuri Nyuma yibyo, byakomeje gutwika buhoro, hamwe numunuko wamababa yaka, hasigara ivu ryumukara nyuma yo gutwikwa.
| ubwoko bwa fibre | hafi y'umuriro | mu muriro | va mu kirimi | impumuro yaka | Ifishi isigaye |
| Tencel fibre | Nta gushonga no kugabanuka | gutwika vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitse | ivu ryirabura |
Fibre modal | Nta gushonga no kugabanuka | gutwika vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitse | ivu ryirabura |
| imigano | Nta gushonga no kugabanuka | gutwika vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitse | ivu ryirabura |
| Viscose fibre | Nta gushonga no kugabanuka | gutwika vuba | komeza utwike | impapuro zatwitse | umubare muto w'ivu ryera |
| polyester fibre | kugabanuka gushonga | Banza ushonga hanyuma utwike, hariho igisubizo gitonyanga | irashobora kongera igihe cyo gutwika | impumuro idasanzwe | Ikirahure cyijimye cyijimye umupira ukomeye |
3.Uburyo bwo gusesa
Fibre itandukanijwe ukurikije ubukana bwimyenda itandukanye yimiti itandukanye. Umuti umwe ushobora gushonga fibre zitandukanye, mugihe rero ukoresheje uburyo bwo gusesa kugirango umenye fibre, birakenewe ko dukomeza gukora ibizamini bitandukanye byo gusesa kugirango tumenye ubwoko bwa fibre yamenyekanye. Uburyo bwo gusesa Mugihe hagaragaye ibice bivanze byibicuruzwa bivanze, umusemburo umwe urashobora gukoreshwa mugushonga fibre yikintu kimwe, hanyuma ikindi gishobora gukoreshwa mugushonga fibre yikindi kintu. Ubu buryo burashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugusesengura ibigize nibirimo fibre zitandukanye mubicuruzwa bivanze. Iyo kwibanda hamwe nubushyuhe bwa solvent bitandukanye, solibilité ya fibre iratandukanye.
Fibre igomba kumenyekana irashobora gushirwa mumiyoboro yipimisha, igaterwa numuti runaka, igashiramo inkoni yikirahure, kandi irashobora gushonga. Niba ingano ya fibre ari nto cyane, icyitegererezo kirashobora kandi gushyirwa mumurongo wikirahure ucuramye ufite ubuso bunini, ugatonyanga umusemburo, ugatwikirizwa ikirahuri, kandi ukareba munsi ya microscope. Mugihe ukoresheje uburyo bwo gushonga kugirango umenye fibre, ubunini bwumuriro nubushyuhe bwo gushyuha bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa umuvuduko wo gushonga kwa fibre. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gusesa bisaba gusobanukirwa neza nuburyo butandukanye bwimiti ya fibre, kandi uburyo bwo kugenzura buragoye.
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenyekanisha fibre. Mubikorwa, uburyo bumwe ntibushobora gukoreshwa, ariko uburyo bwinshi burakenewe kugirango isesengura ryuzuye nubushakashatsi. Uburyo bwo kumenya neza fibre ni uguhuza siyanse uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-06-2022