Ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa ulusi wamankhwala, pali mitundu yambiri ya ulusi. Kuwonjezera pa ulusi wamba, mitundu yatsopano yambiri monga ulusi wapadera, ulusi wophatikizika, ndi ulusi wosinthidwa wapezeka mu ulusi wamankhwala. Pofuna kuwongolera kasamalidwe ka kupanga ndi kusanthula kwazinthu, chizindikiritso cha sayansi cha ulusi wa nsalu ndikofunikira.
Chizindikiritso cha CHIKWANGWANI chimaphatikizapo kuzindikiritsa mawonekedwe a morphological ndi kuzindikira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala. Kuwunika kwa Microscopic kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mawonekedwe a morphological.
Pali njira zambiri zodziwira katundu wakuthupi ndi mankhwala, monga njira yoyaka moto, njira yosungunula, njira yopangira utoto, njira yosungunuka, njira yokoka, njira ya birefringence, njira ya X-ray diffraction ndi infrared mayamwidwe spectroscopy njira, etc.
1. Njira yowonera maikulosikopu
Kugwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuyang'ana kutalika kwa ulusi komanso mawonekedwe a ulusi ndiyo njira yodziwira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi, ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira magulu a ulusi. Ulusi wachilengedwe uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amatha kuzindikirika bwino ndi maikulosikopu. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa thonje umakhala wathyathyathya m'njira yotalikirapo, yopindika mwachilengedwe, yozungulira m'chiuno mozungulira, komanso pakatikati. Ubweyawu umakhala wopindidwa motalika, uli ndi mamba pamwamba, ndipo ndi wozungulira kapena wozungulira. Ubweya wina uli ndi pith pakati. Jute ili ndi mfundo zopingasa ndi mikwingwirima yowongoka kumbali yautali, gawo la mtanda ndi polygonal, ndipo pakati ndi lalikulu.
2.Kuyatsa njira
Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino yodziwira ulusi wachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mankhwala a ulusi, zizindikiro zoyaka zimasiyananso. Ulusi wa cellulose ndi ulusi wa mapuloteni amatha kusiyanitsa molingana ndi kumasuka kwa ulusi, kaya ndi thermoplastic, fungo lopangidwa pakuyaka, komanso mawonekedwe aphulusa atayaka.
Ulusi wa cellulose monga thonje, hemp, ndi viscose zimayaka mofulumira zikakumana ndi moto, ndipo zimapitiriza kuyaka pambuyo pochoka pamoto, ndi fungo la pepala loyaka moto, kusiya phulusa laling'ono lofewa pambuyo poyaka; ulusi wa mapuloteni monga ubweya ndi silika zimayaka pang'onopang'ono zikakhudza lawi lamoto, ndikusiya lawi Pambuyo pake, linapitirizabe kuyaka pang'onopang'ono, ndi fungo la nthenga zoyaka moto, ndikusiya phulusa lakuda lakuda litayaka.
| mtundu wa fiber | pafupi ndi lawi | mu malawi | kusiya lawi | fungo loyaka | Fomu yotsalira |
| Tencel fiber | Palibe kusungunuka ndipo palibe kuchepa | kutentha msanga | pitirizani kuyaka | pepala lawotcha | imvi wakuda phulusa |
Modal fiber | Palibe kusungunuka ndipo palibe kuchepa | kutentha msanga | pitirizani kuyaka | pepala lawotcha | imvi wakuda phulusa |
| bamboo fiber | Palibe kusungunuka ndipo palibe kuchepa | kutentha msanga | pitirizani kuyaka | pepala lawotcha | imvi wakuda phulusa |
| Viscose fiber | Palibe kusungunuka ndipo palibe kuchepa | kutentha msanga | pitirizani kuyaka | pepala lawotcha | phulusa laling'ono loyera |
| ulusi wa polyester | kuchepa kusungunuka | Choyamba Sungunulani ndiyeno kutentha, pali njira akungokhamukira | akhoza kutalikitsa kuyaka | fungo lapadera | Mpira wolimba wagalasi wakuda |
3.Dissolution njira
Ulusi amasiyanitsidwa molingana ndi kusungunuka kwa ulusi wa nsalu zosiyanasiyana m'ma mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Chosungunulira chimodzi nthawi zambiri chimatha kusungunula ulusi wosiyanasiyana, kotero mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunulira kuti muzindikire ulusi, ndikofunikira kupitiliza kuyesa mayeso osiyanasiyana osungunulira kuti mutsimikizire mtundu wa ulusi womwe umadziwika. Kusungunula njira Pozindikira zigawo zosakanikirana za mankhwala osakanikirana, chosungunulira chimodzi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula ulusi wa chigawo chimodzi, ndiyeno chosungunulira china chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula ulusi wa chigawo china. Njirayi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito posanthula kapangidwe ka ulusi ndi zomwe zili muzinthu zosakanikirana. Pamene ndende ndi kutentha kwa zosungunulira ndizosiyana, kusungunuka kwa fiber kumakhala kosiyana.
Chingwe chomwe chimayenera kuzindikiridwa chikhoza kuyikidwa mu chubu choyesera, jekeseni ndi chosungunulira china, chokongoletsedwa ndi ndodo yagalasi, ndipo kusungunuka kwa ulusi kumatha kuwonedwa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa ulusi ndi kochepa kwambiri, chitsanzocho chikhozanso kuikidwa mu galasi la concave ndi malo otsetsereka, otsekedwa ndi zosungunulira, zophimbidwa ndi galasi la galasi, ndikuwona mwachindunji pansi pa microscope. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunulira kuti muzindikire ulusi, kuchuluka kwa zosungunulira ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa, ndipo chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakutha kwa ulusi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunula kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta a fiber, ndipo njira zowunikira ndizovuta.
Pali njira zambiri zozindikiritsira ulusi wansalu. M'zochita, njira imodzi singagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma njira zingapo zimafunikira kuti mufufuze mwatsatanetsatane ndi kufufuza. Njira yozindikiritsa mwadongosolo ulusi ndikuphatikiza mwasayansi njira zingapo zozindikiritsira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-06-2022