1.Abrasion fastness
Abrasion fastness refers to the ability to resist wearing friction, which contributes to the durability of fabrics. Garments made from fibers with high breaking strength and good abrasion fastness will last a long time and show signs of wear over a long period of time.
Nylon is widely used in sports outerwear, such as ski jackets and football shirts. This is because its strength and abrasion fastness are particularly good. Acetate is often used in the lining of coats and jackets due to its excellent drape and low cost.
However, due to the poor abrasion resistance of acetate fibers, the lining tends to fray or develop holes before corresponding wear occurs on the outer fabric of the jacket.
2.Chemical effect
During textile processing (such as printing and dyeing, finishing) and home/professional care or cleaning (such as with soap, bleach and dry cleaning solvents, etc.), fibers are generally exposed to chemicals. The type of chemical, the intensity of action and the time of action determine the degree of influence on the fiber. Understanding the effects of chemicals on different fibers is important as it directly relates to the care required in cleaning.
Fibers react differently to chemicals. For example, cotton fibers are relatively low in acid resistance, but very good in alkali resistance. In addition, cotton fabrics will lose a little strength after chemical resin non-ironing finishing.
3.Elasticity
Resilience is the ability to increase in length under tension (elongation) and return to a rocky state after the force is released (recovery). The elongation when an external force acts on the fiber or fabric makes the garment more comfortable and causes less seam stress.
There is also a tendency to increase the breaking strength at the same time. Full recovery helps create fabric sag at the elbow or knee, preventing the garment from sagging. Fibers that can elongate at least 100% are called elastic fibers. Spandex fiber (Spandex is also called Lycra, and our country is called spandex) and rubber fiber belong to this type of fiber. After elongation, these elastic fibers almost forcefully return to their original length.
4.Flammability
Flammability refers to the ability of an object to ignite or burn. This is a very important feature, because people's lives are always surrounded by various textiles. We know that clothing or interior furniture, due to their flammability, can cause serious injury to consumers and cause significant material damage.
Fibers are generally classified as flammable, non-flammable, and flame-retardant:
Flammable fibers are fibers that are easily ignited and continue to burn.
Non-flammable fibers refer to fibers that have a relatively high burning point and a relatively slow burning speed, and will extinguish themselves after evacuating the burning source.
Flame retardant fibers refer to fibers that will not be burned.
Flammable fibers can be made into flame-retardant fibers by finishing or changing fiber parameters. For example, regular polyester is flammable, but Trevira polyester has been treated to make it flame retardant.
5.Softness
Softness refers to the ability of fibers to be easily bent repeatedly without breaking. Soft fibers such as acetate can support fabrics and garments that drape well. Rigid fibers such as fiberglass cannot be used to make clothing, but can be used in relatively stiff fabrics for decorative purposes. Usually the finer the fibers, the better the drapability. Softness also affects the feel of the fabric.
Although good drapability is often required, stiffer fabrics are sometimes required. For example, on garments with capes (garments hung over the shoulders and turned out), use stiffer fabrics to achieve the desired shape.
6.Handfeeling
Handfeeling is the sensation when a fiber, yarn or fabric is touched. The handfeeling of the fiber feels the influence of its shape, surface characteristics and structure. The shape of the fiber is different, and it can be round, flat, multi-lobal, etc. Fiber surfaces also vary, such as smooth, jagged, or scaly.
The shape of the fiber is either crimped or straight. Yarn type, fabric construction and finishing processes also affect the handfeeling of the fabric. Terms such as soft, smooth, dry, silky, stiff, harsh or rough are often used to describe the handfeeling of a fabric.
7.Luster
Gloss refers to the reflection of light on the fiber surface. Different properties of a fiber affect its gloss. Glossy surfaces, less curvature, flat cross-sectional shapes, and longer fiber lengths enhance light reflection. The drawing process in the fiber manufacturing process increases its luster by making its surface smoother. Adding a matting agent will destroy the reflection of light and reduce the gloss. In this way, by controlling the amount of matting agent added, bright fibers, matting fibers and dull fibers can be produced.
Fabric sheen is also affected by yarn type, weave and all finishes. Gloss requirements will depend on fashion trends and customer needs.
8.Pilling
Pilling refers to the entanglement of some short and broken fibers on the surface of the fabric into small balls. Pompons form when the ends of the fibers break away from the surface of the fabric, usually caused by wearing. Pilling is undesirable because it makes fabrics such as bed sheets look old, unsightly and uncomfortable. Pompons develop in areas of frequent friction, such as collars, undersleeves, and cuff edges.
Hydrophobic fibers are more prone to pilling than hydrophilic fibers because hydrophobic fibers are more likely to attract static electricity to each other and are less likely to fall off the surface of the fabric. Pom poms are rarely seen on 100% cotton shirts, but are very common on similar shirts in a poly-cotton blend that have been worn for a while. Although wool is hydrophilic, pompoms are produced due to its scaly surface. The fibers are twisted and entangled with each other to form a pompom. Strong fibers tend to hold pompons on the surface of the fabric. Easy-to-break low-strength fibers that are less prone to pilling because pom-poms tend to fall off easily.
9.Resilience
Resilience refers to the ability of a material to elastically recover after being folded, twisted, or twisted. It is closely related to wrinkle recovery ability. Fabrics with better resilience are less prone to wrinkling and, therefore, tend to maintain their good shape.
A thicker fiber has better resilience because it has more mass to absorb strain. At the same time, the shape of the fiber also affects the resilience of the fiber, and the round fiber has better resilience than the flat fiber.
The nature of the fibers is also a factor. Polyester fiber has good resilience, but cotton fiber has poor resilience. It's no surprise then that the two fibers are often used together in products such as men's shirts, women's blouses and bed sheets.
Fibers that spring back can be a bit of a hassle when it comes to creating noticeable creases in garments. Creases are easy to form on cotton or scrim, but not so easily on dry wool. Wool fibers are resistant to bending and wrinkling, and finally straighten again.
10.Static electricity
Static electricity is the charge generated by two dissimilar materials rubbing against each other. When an electrical charge is generated and builds up on the surface of the fabric, it will cause the garment to cling to the wearer or the lint to cling to the fabric. When the surface of the fabric is in contact with a foreign body, an electric spark or electric shock will be generated, which is a rapid discharge process. When the static electricity on the surface of the fiber is generated at the same speed as the static electricity transfer, the static electricity phenomenon can be eliminated.
The moisture contained in the fibers acts as a conductor to dissipate charges and prevents the aforementioned electrostatic effects. Hydrophobic fiber, because it contains very little water, has a tendency to generate static electricity. Static electricity is also generated in natural fibers, but only when very dry like hydrophobic fibers. Glass fibers are an exception to hydrophobic fibers, because of their chemical composition, static charges cannot be generated on their surface.
Fabrics that contain Eptratropic fibers (fibers that conduct electricity) do not bother with static electricity, and contain carbon or metal that allows the fibers to transfer static charges that build up. Because there are often static electricity problems on carpets, nylon such as Monsanto Ultron is used on carpets. Tropic fiber eliminates electrical shock, fabric snuggling and dust pickup. Because of the danger of static electricity in special working environments, it is very important to use low-static fibers to make subways in hospitals, work areas near computers, and areas near flammable, explosive liquids or gases.
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Post time: Nov-25-2022