Nws pib nrog spandex, ib qho ingenious "expansion" anagram tsim los ntawm DuPont chemist Joseph Shivers.
Xyoo 1922, Johnny Weissmuller tau koob meej rau kev ua si Tarzan hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Nws ua tiav 100-meter freestyle hauv 58.6 vib nas this hauv tsawg tshaj li ib feeb, ua rau lub ntiaj teb kev ua si poob siab. Tsis muaj leej twg saib xyuas lossis pom tias nws hnav khaub ncaws ua luam dej li cas. Nws yog paj rwb yooj yim. Nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv high-tech hnav los ntawm Asmeskas Caleb Drexel uas tau yeej qhov khoom plig kub hauv 47.02 vib nas this ntawm Tokyo Olympics!
Tau kawg, lub sijhawm 100 xyoo, txoj kev cob qhia tau hloov pauv, txawm hais tias Weissmuller tau hais txog kev ua neej nyob. Nws tau los ua ib tug neeg nyiam ua raws li Dr. John Harvey Kellogg tus neeg tsis noj nqaij noj, enema thiab tawm dag zog. Dressel tsis yog neeg tsis noj nqaij. Nws nyiam meatloaf thiab pib nws hnub nrog noj tshais high-carb. Qhov sib txawv tiag tiag yog hauv kev cob qhia. Drexel ua qhov kev cob qhia tus kheej hauv online ntawm rowing machines thiab tsheb kauj vab nyob ruaj ruaj. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias nws cov khaub ncaws ua luam dej kuj ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv. Tau kawg tsis yog tus nqi ntawm 10 vib nas this, tab sis thaum hnub no cov neeg ua luam dej sab saum toj tau sib cais los ntawm ib feem ntawm ob, cov ntaub thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khaub ncaws ua luam dej ua qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Txhua qhov kev sib tham txog kev siv tshuab ua luam dej yuav tsum pib nrog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm spandex. Spandex yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas tuaj yeem ncab zoo li roj hmab thiab rov qab mus rau nws cov duab qub. Tab sis tsis zoo li roj hmab, nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fibers thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov ntaub. Spandex yog ib tug ntse "expansion" anagram tsim los ntawm DuPont chemist Joseph Schiffer nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm William Chachi, uas yog nto moo rau inventing waterproof cellophane los ntawm txheej cov khoom nrog ib tug txheej ntawm nitrocellulose. Innovating sportswear tsis yog Shivers lub hom phiaj qub. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, lub duav ua los ntawm cov roj hmab yog ib feem ntawm cov poj niam cov khaub ncaws, tab sis qhov kev thov rau cov roj hmab yog luv luv. Qhov kev sib tw yog los tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas tuaj yeem siv rau lub duav duav ua lwm txoj hauv kev.
DuPont tau qhia cov khoom siv polymers xws li nylon thiab polyester rau kev ua lag luam thiab muaj kev txawj ntse hauv kev sib txuas ntawm macromolecules. Shivers tsim spandex los ntawm synthesizing "block copolymer" nrog alternating elastic thiab nruj ntu. Tseem muaj cov ceg ntoo uas tuaj yeem siv rau "crosslink" molecules los muab lub zog. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw spandex nrog paj rwb, linen, nylon lossis ntaub plaub yog cov khoom siv elastic thiab xis hnav. Raws li ntau lub tuam txhab pib tsim cov ntaub no, DuPont tau thov rau patent rau nws cov qauv ntawm spandex nyob rau hauv lub npe "Lycra".
Xyoo 1973, East German cov neeg ua luam dej tau hnav spandex swimsuits thawj zaug, tawg cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev siv cov tshuaj steroids, tab sis nws ua rau Speedo cov iav sib tw tig. Founded hauv 1928, lub tuam txhab yog ib tug science-based swimsuit chaw tsim tshuaj paus, hloov paj rwb nrog txhob lo lo ntxhuav nyob rau hauv nws "Racerback" swimsuits kom txo tau kev tiv thaiv. Tam sim no, tau tsav los ntawm kev vam meej ntawm East Germans, Speedo hloov mus rau txheej spandex nrog Teflon, thiab zoo li tus me me V-shaped ridges zoo li shark tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw, uas tau hais tias yuav txo tau turbulence.
Los ntawm 2000, qhov no tau hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv lub cev tag nrho uas txo qis kev tiv thaiv, raws li cov dej tau pom los ua raws li daim tawv nqaij nruj dua li cov ntaub ntawv ua luam dej. Hauv xyoo 2008, cov tswv yim muab cov polyurethane panels hloov polytetrafluoroethylene. Cov ntaub no tam sim no tsim los ntawm Lycra, nylon thiab polyurethane tau pom los cuab lub hnab me me uas ua rau cov neeg ua luam dej ntab. Qhov zoo ntawm no yog tias huab cua tsis kam yog tsawg dua li dej tsis kam. Qee lub tuam txhab sim siv cov ntshiab polyurethane suits vim tias cov khoom no absorbs huab cua zoo heev. Nrog rau txhua qhov "kev sib tawg", lub sijhawm txo qis thiab tus nqi nce. Tam sim no cov khaub ncaws high-tech yuav raug nqi ntau dua $ 500.
Lo lus "tshuaj stimulants" invaded peb cov lus. Xyoo 2009, International Swimming Administration (FINA) tau txiav txim siab kom sib npaug ntawm thaj chaw thiab txwv tsis pub tag nrho lub cev ua luam dej thiab cov khaub ncaws ua luam dej ua los ntawm cov ntaub tsis-woven. Qhov no tsis tau tso tseg kev sib tw los txhim kho kev sib tw, txawm hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm lub cev lawv tuaj yeem npog tau tam sim no txwv. Rau Tokyo Olympics, Speedo tau tshaj tawm lwm lub tsho tshiab ua los ntawm peb txheej ntawm cov ntaub sib txawv, uas nws tus kheej yog cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug.
Spandex tsis txwv rau swimwear. Cov neeg caij ski, zoo li cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab, nyem rau hauv cov ris tsho spandex kom txo tau cov huab cua tsis kam. Cov poj niam cov ris tsho hauv qab tseem suav nrog feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam, thiab spandex txawm ua rau nws mus rau hauv leggings thiab ris ntauv txhav, squeezing lub cev nyob rau hauv txoj cai txoj hauj lwm los nkaum unwelcoming pob. Raws li kev lag luam ua luam dej muaj kev txhawj xeeb, tej zaum cov neeg sib tw yuav tsuas yog tshuaj tsuag lawv lub cev liab qab nrog qee yam polymer kom tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws ua luam dej! Tom qab tag nrho, thawj Olympians sib tw liab qab.
Joe Schwarcz yog tus thawj coj ntawm McGill University's Office of Science thiab Society (mcgill.ca/oss). Nws tuav Dr. Joe Show ntawm CJAD Xov tooj cua 800 AM txhua hnub Sunday thaum 3 txog 4 teev tsaus ntuj
Sau npe kom tau txais cov xov xwm txhua hnub los ntawm Montreal Gazette, ib feem ntawm Postmedia Network Inc.
Postmedia tau cog lus los tuav lub rooj sab laj tab sis kev sib tham ntiag tug thiab txhawb txhua tus neeg nyeem los qhia lawv cov kev xav ntawm peb cov ntawv. Tej zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev li ib teev rau cov lus pom tshwm hauv lub vev xaib. Peb thov kom koj khaws koj cov lus hais txog thiab hwm. Peb tau qhib cov ntawv ceeb toom email-yog tias koj tau txais cov lus teb, hloov tshiab rau cov lus qhia koj ua raws, lossis tus neeg siv cov lus pom koj ua raws, tam sim no koj yuav tau txais email. Thov mus saib peb Cov Lus Qhia Hauv Zej Zog kom paub ntau ntxiv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho email chaw.
© 2021 Montreal Gazette, ib feem ntawm Postmedia Network Inc. txhua txoj cai. Kev faib tawm, kev tshaj tawm lossis luam tawm tsis raug tso cai yog txwv tsis pub.
Lub vev xaib no siv cov ncuav qab zib los kho koj cov ntsiab lus (nrog rau kev tshaj tawm) thiab tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas peb cov tsheb khiav. Nyeem ntxiv txog ncuav qab zib ntawm no. Los ntawm kev siv peb lub vev xaib txuas ntxiv, koj pom zoo rau peb cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev pabcuam thiab txoj cai ntiag tug.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-22-2021