Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj fiber ntau, muaj ntau thiab ntau hom fibers. Ntxiv rau cov fibers dav dav, ntau yam tshiab xws li cov fibers tshwj xeeb, cov fibers sib xyaw, thiab cov fibers hloov kho tau tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj fibers. Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom lag luam, kev tshawb fawb txog kev txheeb xyuas ntawm textile fibers yog yuav tsum tau.
Kev txheeb xyuas fiber ntau suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv morphological thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Kev soj ntsuam microscopic feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv morphological.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, xws li combustion method, dissolution method, reagent coloring method, melting point method, specific gravity method, birefringence method, X-ray diffraction method thiab infrared absorption spectroscopy method, thiab lwm yam.
1.Microscope soj ntsuam txoj kev
Siv lub tshuab ntsuas ntsuas los soj ntsuam qhov ntev thiab ntu ntu morphology ntawm fibers yog txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas ntau yam khoom siv fiber ntau, thiab feem ntau siv los txheeb xyuas cov fiber ntau. Ntuj fibers txhua tus muaj cov duab tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau raws li lub tshuab tsom. Piv txwv li, paj rwb fibers yog tiaj tus nyob rau hauv longitudinal kev taw qhia, nrog ib tug ntuj twist, lub duav-round cross-section, thiab lub hauv paus kab noj hniav. Cov ntaub plaub yog curled longitudinally, muaj nplai rau ntawm qhov chaw, thiab yog puag ncig los yog oval nyob rau hauv cross-section. Qee cov wools muaj pith nyob nruab nrab. Lub jute muaj kab rov tav knots thiab ntsug kab txaij nyob rau hauv lub longitudinal kev taw qhia, tus ntoo khaub lig seem yog polygonal, thiab nruab nrab kab noj hniav yog loj.
2.Combustion txoj kev
Ib txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov fibers ntuj. Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov fibers, cov yam ntxwv combustion kuj txawv. Cellulose fibers thiab protein fibers tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv raws li qhov yooj yim ntawm kev hlawv cov fibers, txawm tias lawv yog cov thermoplastic, cov ntxhiab tsw uas tsim thaum hlawv, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshauv tom qab hlawv.
Cellulose fibers xws li paj rwb, hemp, thiab viscose hlawv sai sai thaum lawv los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov nplaim taws, thiab txuas ntxiv hlawv tom qab tawm hauv cov nplaim taws, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov ntawv hlawv, tawm hauv me me ntawm cov mos grey tshauv tom qab hlawv; protein fibers xws li ntaub plaub thiab txhob lo lo ntxhuav hlawv maj mam thaum lawv los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov nplaim taws, thiab tawm hauv cov nplaim taws tom qab ntawd, nws tseem maj mam hlawv, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov plaub hau, tawm hauv cov dub crunchy tshauv tom qab hlawv.
| hom fiber ntau | nyob ze ntawm nplaim taws | hauv nplaim taws | tawm ntawm nplaim taws | kub hnyiab | Daim ntawv residue |
| Tencel fiber ntau | Tsis muaj melting thiab tsis shrinkage | hlawv sai | mus hlawv | hlawv ntawv | grey dub tshauv |
Modal fiber ntau | Tsis muaj melting thiab tsis shrinkage | hlawv sai | mus hlawv | hlawv ntawv | grey dub tshauv |
| xyoob fiber | Tsis muaj melting thiab tsis shrinkage | hlawv sai | mus hlawv | hlawv ntawv | grey dub tshauv |
| Viscose fiber ntau | Tsis muaj melting thiab tsis shrinkage | hlawv sai | mus hlawv | hlawv ntawv | ib qho me me ntawm cov ntoo tshauv dawb |
| polyester fiber ntau | shrink yaj | Ua ntej yaj thiab tom qab ntawd hlawv, muaj kev daws teeb meem | tuaj yeem ua kom ntev qhov kub | tshwj xeeb aroma | Glassy tsaus xim av tawv pob |
3.Txoj kev sib cais
Fibers yog txawv raws li solubility ntawm ntau yam textile fibers nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj. Ib cov kuab tshuaj feem ntau tuaj yeem yaj ntau cov fibers, yog li thaum siv txoj kev sib cais los txheeb xyuas cov fibers, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas sib txawv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj kom paub meej tias hom fibers tau txheeb xyuas. Txoj kev Dissolution Thaum txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, ib qho hnyav tuaj yeem siv los yaj cov fibers ntawm ib qho, thiab tom qab ntawd lwm qhov hnyav tuaj yeem siv los yaj cov fibers ntawm lwm cov khoom. Txoj kev no tseem tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau cov fibers hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Thaum cov concentration thiab kub ntawm cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv, solubility ntawm fiber ntau txawv.
Cov fiber ntau yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub raj kuaj, txhaj tshuaj nrog ib qho hnyav, nplawm nrog lub iav pas nrig, thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov fiber ntau tuaj yeem pom. Yog tias cov fibers tsawg heev, cov qauv kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib lub iav concave swb nrog lub ntsej muag concave, dripped nrog hnyav, npog nrog iav swb, thiab saib ncaj qha rau hauv lub tshuab tsom. Thaum siv cov txheej txheem dissolving los txheeb xyuas cov fibers, cov concentration ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov cua kub kub yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis tswj, thiab yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau lub dissolving ceev ntawm cov fibers. Kev siv txoj kev sib cais yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm ntau yam khoom siv fiber ntau, thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas yog qhov nyuaj.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev qhia txog cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Hauv kev xyaum, ib txoj kev siv tsis tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis ob peb txoj hauv kev yuav tsum muaj rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev tshawb fawb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov fibers yog kev tshawb fawb los ua ke ntau txoj hauv kev txheeb xyuas.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-06-2022